• A reference list is a list of books, articles and other sources you use when researching a topic and writing a paper.
• It us used in Academic study
• The reference list should appear at the end of your paper
• It provides the information necessary for a reader to locate and retrieve any source you cite in the body of the paper. Each source you cite in the paper must appear in your reference list
Any reference occurs in 2 places:
a) It appear in the text (In text referencing)
Example:
As Smith (1993) stated, "magazines for the general public generally have less reliable evidence than scholarly or professional journals" (p. 2).
OR
"The proliferation of multiple births in this country speaks to the need to formulate ethics guidelines to regulate the fertility clinics" (Jones, 1997, p. 82).
b) It appear at the end of your paper (End of text referencing)
Example:
Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R. (1991). APA guide to preparing manuscripts for journal publication. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Duncan, G. J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.). (1997). Consequences of growing up poor. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
1) A P A (American Psychological Association)
2) M L A (Modern Language Association)
3) TURABIAN
4) CHICAGO MANUAL STYLE
• Style established in 1928 by Social Science professionals
• Style provides guidelines for publication.
1) Rules for authors
a) Authors' names are inverted
- List the Author’s Last name (Family name), followed by initials.
- Start with family name for authors which have family names, follow with coma and initials for other part of the names.
Example: 1) Micheal Jackson= Jackson, M.
2) Peter Garry Means = Means, G. P.
b) For Muslim and Malaysian name (Chinese and Malay) cite as they are known.
Eg: Osman Hamzah= Osman Hamzah
Chuah AI Bee
Muhammad Ali
c) If you have more than one author in a source, use ampersand (&) instead of “and” before the last author. Use coma after family name.
Eg: Sawyer, C., & Parkin, G. F.
d) More than six authors, use et al. for the seventh or more author names.
Eg: Lofland, L. , Moore, M.H., Estrich. S, McGillis, D., Spelman, W., Parker, K. ,et al.
2) Rules for title (Title for article)
a) Capitalize only the first letter of the first word in title and subtitle.
Example: INFORMATION SYSTEM
Information system
b) Underline or italic the Title of books, Title of Journal, Title of Magazines, Title of newspaper
Duncan, G. J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (1997). Consequences of growing up poor. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation
3) Rules: Documentation
1) Arranged the reference list in alphabetical order
Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R. (1991). APA guide to preparing manuscripts for journal publication. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Duncan, G. J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.). (1997). Consequences of growing up poor. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation
2) No number in reference list
Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R. (1991). APA guide to preparing manuscripts for journal publication. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Duncan, G. J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.). (1997). Consequences of growing up poor. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation
3) Each reference should be in single spaced
Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R. (1991). APA guide to preparing manuscripts for journal publication. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Duncan, G. J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.). (1997). Consequences of growing up poor. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation
4) Indention: Indent the subsequent line about one-half inch (hanging indentation)
Abdul Rahman. (2011). Introduction to business administration.
Malaysia: Mc Graw Hill.
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