Information System (IS)

What does IS mean? IS is a application of computer based Information Technology used to facilitate planning, control, coordination and decision making in an organization.

There are three main functions of IS:

• support competitive advantage
• support business decision making
• support business operations and processes

Components of CBIS (computer-based information system) are next:

• Hardware. Consists of  computer  equipment used to perform input, processing and output activities.
• Software. Consist of computer programs that govern the operation of the computer.
• Databases is an organized collection of interrelated data (records)
• People who manage, run, program, maintain
• Procedures. Strategies, policies, methods and rules for using computer information system including operation, security and maintenance of the computer. 
• Telecommunications. Electronic transmission of signals for communications which enables organizations to carry out their processes and task through effective computer networks.

Types of IS:

1. Transaction Processing System (TPS)

• records the data from everyday operations throughout every division or department in the organization
• captures and processes data
• supports unstructured (complex) problems
• used by law level managers (operational)

     2.  Management Information System (MIS)

• is an integrated collection of people, procedures, databases and devices that provides managers and decision makers with information to help achieve organizational goals
• produces several kinds of reports with fixed and standart formats 
• supports structured (programmed) problems
• used by middle managerial levels (tactical)

     3.  Decision - Support System (DSS)

• an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases and devices used to support problem - specific decision making
• input include internal and external
• used to support unstructured problems
• consist of 4 part (User, Software, Data, Decision Model)
• mainly for tactical managers

      4. Executiive Support System (ESS)

• designed to support higher level of DM in Organization
• TPS+MIS+DSS
• gain direct access information about company
• used by top managers (strategic)
• use internal and external data sources

     5. Expert System (ES)

• computerized expert systems have been developed to diagnosed problems and solve problems
• part of a general category of computer applications known as artificial intelligence